A Quick History of French Wine

France is known for many things when it comes to art and culture. The Eiffel Tower, French New Wave Films, its culinary tradition, and its wine. French wine is some of the best in the world, and its deeply rooted heritage goes back over 2600 years. 

Winemaking is in the French’s blood, and it is driven by the palate and culture as well as its geography, climate, and soil. The terroir of France is primary to just about everything else when it comes to winemaking.

Brief History of French Wine

French wine has been around since the time it was inhabited by Celtic tribes, known as the Gauls. During the 6th century BC, wine was a very important part of domestic life. Much like everywhere else in the world, the potable drink was sparse, leaving the wine to be one of the few things that was safe to drink. 

The Greeks and Romans introduced wine to their Gaulic colony and later planted vineyards throughout what is now modern-day France. The Romans especially influenced the cultivation of grapes by establishing grapes in some of the world's most well-known wine-producing regions.

Wine Regions

Each wine region in France has very distinct characteristics that include variations in climate, soil, and winemaking traditions. Within each of these regions, the difference in the microclimates of each vineyard can cause wines to be unique from one side of the region to the other.

1. Bordeaux

Nestled along the banks of the Gironde River, Bordeaux is renowned for its exceptional red blends, including Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. Divided into subregions like the Left Bank and the Right Bank, Bordeaux produces wines that range from structured and tannic to smooth and approachable. This region's centuries-old winemaking traditions have solidified its position as a global benchmark for quality.

2. Burgundy (Bourgogne)

Burgundy's mosaic of small vineyards yields some of the most sought-after wines on the planet. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are the stars here, showcasing the concept of terroir like nowhere else. The region is divided into Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune for red and white wines, respectively, with each village lending its unique characteristics to the final product.

3. Champagne

Synonymous with celebration, Champagne is famed for its effervescent wonders. Sparkling wines from this region, produced using the méthode champenoise, exhibit a harmonious blend of elegance, finesse, and complexity. Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier are the primary grape varieties used to craft these festive libations.

4. Rhône Valley

Stretching from the northern reaches to the sun-soaked south, the Rhône Valley produces a diverse range of wines. In the north, Syrah dominates, giving rise to full-bodied reds like those from Côte-Rôtie and Hermitage. In the south, Grenache takes center stage in the famous blends of Châteauneuf-du-Pape and Gigondas.

5. Alsace

Situated near the border with Germany, Alsace is renowned for its aromatic white wines. Riesling, Gewürztraminer, and Pinot Gris flourish in this region's cool climate, resulting in wines with vibrant acidity and expressive fruit flavors. Alsace bottles also feature distinctive tall, slim shapes.

6. Loire Valley

The Loire Valley is a diverse tapestry of wine styles. From the crisp Sauvignon Blanc of Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé to the off-dry Vouvray Chenin Blanc, this region offers wines that span the taste spectrum. Cabernet Franc shines in reds like those from Chinon, while Muscadet offers refreshing whites from the western reaches.

7. Provence

Provence is renowned for its pale and elegant rosé wines. The region's sunny climate and coastal influences create ideal conditions for growing Grenache, Cinsault, and other varietals that produce delicate, aromatic rosés that evoke the essence of a Mediterranean summer.

Metro Wines - Your One-Stop Shop for Quality Wine

Have more questions? We've got your back. With an emphasis on pairing the ideal wine with any food or occasion, Metro Wines offers a wide variety of wines. Our wine experts are always available to respond to your questions, offer pairing recommendations, and work with your caterer or event coordinator.

We also provide wine classes, regular tastings, and social events throughout the month. On our website, you can find information about our upcoming events, weekly tastings, and special occasions. Reach out to us with any questions!